The South China Sea disputes involve territorial claims over various islands and maritime areas in the region, primarily by China, Vietnam, the Philippines, Malaysia, and Brunei. The area is strategically important due to its shipping routes and potential underwater resources, including oil and natural gas. The disputes center around several key features, such as the Spratly Islands and the Paracel Islands. Tensions often arise from military activities, fishing rights, and exploration efforts, leading to diplomatic negotiations and occasional confrontations among the claimant nations.