Soil formation is a natural process that occurs over time as rocks break down and organic materials accumulate. This process involves weathering, where physical and chemical forces, such as wind, water, and temperature changes, break down rocks into smaller particles. These particles mix with decaying plants and animals, creating a rich layer of nutrients. Various factors influence soil formation, including climate, topography, parent material, organisms, and time. Different climates can lead to different soil types, while the presence of vegetation and microorganisms contributes to nutrient cycling. Over thousands of years, these elements work together to create the diverse soils found around the world.