Soil development is the process by which soil forms and evolves over time. It begins with the weathering of rocks, which breaks down minerals into smaller particles. Organic matter, such as decomposed plants and animals, contributes to soil fertility and structure. Factors like climate, topography, and biological activity play significant roles in this process. As soil develops, it undergoes various stages, leading to the formation of distinct layers, known as horizons. These horizons include the topsoil, which is rich in nutrients, and the subsoil, which contains minerals leached from above. Understanding soil development is crucial for agriculture, ecology, and land management.