Semiconductor fabrication is the process of creating integrated circuits, which are essential components in electronic devices. This involves several steps, including the design of the circuit, the layering of materials, and the etching of patterns onto a silicon wafer. The goal is to build tiny electronic components that can control electrical signals. The fabrication process requires a cleanroom environment to prevent contamination, as even small particles can affect the performance of the circuits. Advanced techniques, such as photolithography and doping, are used to manipulate the properties of the silicon and create the desired electronic functions.