The Second French Empire was a regime in France that lasted from 1852 to 1870, established by Napoleon III, who was the nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte. It began when he declared himself Emperor after a coup d'état, aiming to restore the glory of France and modernize its economy. The empire was marked by industrial growth, urban development, and military expansion. The empire ended after France's defeat in the Franco-Prussian War in 1870, leading to the establishment of the French Third Republic. The Second French Empire is often remembered for its ambitious projects, such as the renovation of Paris under Georges-Eugène Haussmann.