The South African Republic (also known as the Transvaal) was a Boer republic in Southern Africa that existed from 1852 until 1902. It was established by Dutch settlers, known as Boers, who sought independence from British colonial rule. The republic was rich in natural resources, particularly gold and diamonds, which attracted significant attention and conflict. The South African War (1899-1902), also known as the Second Boer War, was fought between the British Empire and the two Boer republics, including the South African Republic. The war ended with the British victory, leading to the incorporation of the republic into the British Empire and the eventual formation of the Union of South Africa in 1910.