The South African War, also known as the Second Boer War, took place from 1899 to 1902. It was fought between the British Empire and two Boer republics, the South African Republic (Transvaal) and the Orange Free State. The conflict arose from tensions over British imperialism and the rights of the Dutch-descended settlers, known as Boers, in the region. The war was marked by guerrilla warfare and significant civilian suffering, leading to the establishment of concentration camps by the British. Ultimately, the British emerged victorious, leading to the unification of South Africa under British control in 1910, setting the stage for future political developments in the country.