The Scottish Wars of Independence were a series of conflicts fought between Scotland and England during the late 13th and early 14th centuries. The wars began in 1296 when King Edward I of England invaded Scotland, aiming to assert control over the region. Key battles included the Battle of Stirling Bridge in 1297 and the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314, where Scottish forces, led by figures like William Wallace and Robert the Bruce, achieved significant victories. The wars ultimately led to the recognition of Scotland's independence with the signing of the Treaty of Edinburgh-Northampton in 1328. However, tensions between Scotland and England continued for years, influencing the political landscape of both nations. The conflicts are a crucial part of Scottish history, symbolizing the struggle for national identity and self-determination.