The Royal House of Stuart was a Scottish royal family that ruled Scotland from 1371 and England from 1603 until 1714. The dynasty began with Robert II and included notable monarchs such as James I, who united the crowns of England and Scotland, and Charles I, whose reign led to the English Civil War. The Stuarts faced numerous challenges, including political conflicts and religious tensions. The family was eventually ousted during the Glorious Revolution of 1688, which led to the establishment of a constitutional monarchy. The last Stuart monarch was Queen Anne, who reigned until 1714.