Robert of Artois was a French nobleman born in 1250, known for his role in the Hundred Years' War. He was the son of Robert II, Count of Artois, and became a prominent figure in the conflicts between England and France. His claim to the French throne was based on his lineage, which led to significant political intrigue. In 1340, Robert was involved in military campaigns against the English, showcasing his skills as a commander. He was also known for his participation in the Battle of Crécy in 1346, where he fought valiantly. His life reflects the turbulent nature of medieval European politics.