The Risorgimento was a political and social movement in the 19th century that aimed to unify the various states of the Italian peninsula into a single nation. This period, which lasted from the early 1800s to 1871, involved key figures such as Giuseppe Garibaldi, Count Camillo di Cavour, and King Victor Emmanuel II. The movement was marked by a series of wars, uprisings, and diplomatic efforts that ultimately led to the establishment of the Kingdom of Italy. The Risorgimento was influenced by the broader context of European nationalism and revolutions. It sought to overcome regional divisions and foreign domination, particularly from the Austrian Empire. The culmination of the Risorgimento was the proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy in 1861, which was later completed with the annexation of Venice in 1866 and Rome in 1870.