The rise of fascism in the early 20th century was marked by the emergence of authoritarian regimes that emphasized nationalism, militarism, and the suppression of political opposition. It gained traction in several countries, notably in Italy under Benito Mussolini and in Germany with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party. Economic instability, social unrest, and the aftermath of World War I contributed to its appeal. Fascist movements often promoted a strong centralized government and sought to unify the nation through a common identity, often at the expense of minority groups. The ideology rejected democracy and promoted the idea of a powerful leader, leading to widespread human rights abuses and conflicts, including World War II.