Restoration England refers to the period in English history that began in 1660 when the monarchy was restored after the English Civil War and the subsequent rule of the Commonwealth under Oliver Cromwell. This era saw the return of King Charles II to the throne, marking a shift back to royal authority and the re-establishment of the Church of England. During this time, England experienced significant cultural and political changes, including the flourishing of the arts, science, and literature. The Theater reopened, and notable figures like John Milton and Samuel Pepys emerged. The period also laid the groundwork for modern parliamentary democracy and the eventual rise of constitutional monarchy.