Realism is an artistic and literary movement that emerged in the mid-19th century, characterized by a focus on depicting everyday life and ordinary people. It sought to represent subjects in a truthful and unidealized manner, often highlighting the struggles of the working class and the realities of contemporary society. In literature, Realism emphasizes character development and intricate plots over romanticized themes. Writers like Gustave Flaubert and Leo Tolstoy are notable figures in this movement, using their works to explore the complexities of human experience and social issues, thereby providing a more authentic representation of life.