Modernism is a cultural movement that emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, characterized by a break from traditional forms and a search for new ways of expression. It encompasses various art forms, including literature, visual arts, and architecture, reflecting the complexities of modern life and the rapid changes brought about by industrialization and urbanization. In literature, Modernism is marked by innovative techniques such as stream of consciousness and fragmented narratives. Writers like James Joyce and Virginia Woolf sought to capture the inner thoughts and feelings of characters, challenging conventional storytelling methods and exploring themes of alienation and existentialism.