Quantum statistics is a branch of physics that deals with systems of particles at the quantum level, where the classical laws of statistics do not apply. It describes how particles, such as bosons and fermions, behave when they are indistinguishable from one another. This behavior is crucial for understanding phenomena like superconductivity and Bose-Einstein condensates. There are two main types of quantum statistics: Fermi-Dirac statistics, which applies to fermions and accounts for the Pauli exclusion principle, and Bose-Einstein statistics, which applies to bosons and allows multiple particles to occupy the same quantum state. These statistics help explain the unique properties of matter at very low temperatures and high densities.