A Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) is a state of matter formed at extremely low temperatures, close to absolute zero. In this state, a group of atoms behaves as a single quantum entity, allowing them to occupy the same space and energy level. This phenomenon occurs because of the principles of quantum mechanics, specifically the Bose-Einstein statistics that govern particles known as bosons. When cooled to near absolute zero, bosons lose their individual identities and condense into a collective ground state. This unique behavior leads to fascinating properties, such as superfluidity, where the condensate can flow without viscosity. BECs were first predicted by Albert Einstein and Satyendra Nath Bose in the 1920s and were experimentally created in 1995.