Bosons are a class of elementary particles that follow Bose-Einstein statistics. They are responsible for mediating the fundamental forces of nature, such as the electromagnetic force and the strong nuclear force. Examples of bosons include the photon, which carries electromagnetic force, and the gluon, which holds quarks together in protons and neutrons. Unlike fermions, which make up matter and obey the Pauli exclusion principle, bosons can occupy the same quantum state. This unique property allows phenomena like Bose-Einstein condensates to occur, where particles behave collectively at extremely low temperatures, showcasing the fascinating behavior of quantum mechanics.