Bose-Einstein statistics describe a type of quantum statistical behavior exhibited by indistinguishable particles known as bosons. These particles, which include photons and helium-4 atoms, can occupy the same quantum state, allowing them to cluster together in large numbers. This phenomenon leads to unique states of matter, such as Bose-Einstein condensates, where particles behave as a single quantum entity at extremely low temperatures. The concept was developed by Satyendra Nath Bose and Albert Einstein in the early 20th century. Their collaboration provided a framework for understanding how certain particles behave differently from fermions, which follow the Pauli exclusion principle and cannot occupy the same state.