President James Buchanan served as the 15th President of the United States from 1857 to 1861. He was a member of the Democratic Party and previously held various political roles, including Secretary of State and Minister to the United Kingdom. His presidency is often criticized for his inability to address the growing tensions over slavery and states' rights. Buchanan's term was marked by significant events, including the Dred Scott decision and the rise of secessionist sentiments in the South. He believed that the federal government should not interfere with slavery in the territories, a stance that further polarized the nation. His presidency ended as the country was on the brink of the Civil War.