James Buchanan was the 15th President of the United States, serving from 1857 to 1861. He is often remembered for his inability to address the growing tensions between the Northern and Southern states over issues like slavery. His presidency was marked by political strife and the lead-up to the American Civil War, which began shortly after he left office. Buchanan was born on April 23, 1791, in Pennsylvania. Before becoming president, he held various political roles, including Secretary of State and Minister to Great Britain. Despite his long career in politics, many historians criticize his leadership during a critical time in American history, viewing him as ineffective in preventing the division of the nation.