Pragmatic theories focus on the practical aspects of meaning and how language is used in real-life situations. They emphasize that understanding language goes beyond just words and grammar; it involves considering context, intentions, and the effects of communication. This approach helps clarify how people interpret messages based on their experiences and social interactions. One key figure in pragmatic theories is Charles Sanders Peirce, who introduced concepts like signs and their meanings. Another important contributor is William James, who explored how beliefs and ideas are shaped by their practical consequences. Together, these thinkers laid the groundwork for understanding language as a tool for effective communication.