Charles Sanders Peirce was an American philosopher, logician, mathematician, and scientist, born in 1839. He is best known for his work in the field of pragmatism, a philosophical approach that evaluates theories based on their practical consequences. Peirce also made significant contributions to semiotics, the study of signs and symbols, and developed a system of logic that influenced modern philosophy and mathematics. Peirce's ideas on abduction, a form of reasoning that involves generating hypotheses, have been particularly influential in various disciplines, including scientific method and artificial intelligence. Despite his profound impact, Peirce's work was not widely recognized during his lifetime, but he is now regarded as a foundational figure in contemporary philosophy.