The Portuguese First Republic was established in 1910 after the overthrow of the Portuguese monarchy. It marked a significant shift towards a republican form of government, aiming to promote democracy and modernize the nation. The republic faced numerous challenges, including political instability, economic difficulties, and social unrest. Throughout its existence, from 1910 to 1926, the First Republic experienced frequent changes in leadership and government. Various political parties struggled for power, leading to a series of short-lived administrations. Ultimately, the instability contributed to the rise of authoritarianism, culminating in the establishment of the Estado Novo regime in 1933.