The Portuguese monarchy was a system of royal rule in Portugal that lasted for centuries, beginning in the 12th century. It was established when Afonso I became the first king after the country gained independence from Leon. The monarchy played a significant role in shaping Portugal's identity, culture, and exploration during the Age of Discoveries. Throughout its history, the monarchy saw various dynasties, including the Aviz and Braganza families. The monarchy ended in 1910 when Portugal became a republic, marking a significant shift in the country's governance. Despite its end, the legacy of the Portuguese monarchy continues to influence Portuguese culture and history today.