Portal hypertension is a condition characterized by increased blood pressure in the portal vein, which carries blood from the digestive organs to the liver. This condition often arises due to liver cirrhosis, where scar tissue obstructs normal blood flow, leading to complications such as varices (enlarged veins) and ascites (fluid accumulation in the abdomen). The symptoms of portal hypertension can include swelling in the abdomen, gastrointestinal bleeding, and confusion. Diagnosis typically involves imaging tests like ultrasound or CT scans, and treatment may include medications, lifestyle changes, or procedures to reduce pressure in the portal vein.