Varices are enlarged veins that often occur in the esophagus or stomach, primarily due to increased pressure in the portal vein, a condition known as portal hypertension. This condition can arise from liver diseases such as cirrhosis or hepatitis. Varices can be dangerous because they may rupture, leading to severe bleeding. Symptoms of varices may not be noticeable until a rupture occurs, which can cause vomiting of blood or black stools. Diagnosis typically involves imaging tests or an endoscopy. Treatment options include medications to lower blood pressure in the portal vein, endoscopic procedures, or surgical interventions to prevent complications.