Pope Vigilius served as the head of the Roman Catholic Church from 537 to 555 AD. He is best known for his involvement in the theological disputes of the time, particularly regarding the nature of Christ and the Monophysite controversy. His papacy was marked by political challenges, including tensions with the Byzantine Empire. During his reign, Vigilius faced significant opposition and was even exiled for a period. He convened the Fifth Ecumenical Council in 553 AD, which aimed to address the ongoing disputes within the Church. His efforts contributed to shaping early Christian doctrine and the relationship between the Church and the state.