Petroleum geology is the study of the origin, occurrence, movement, and accumulation of petroleum resources. It involves understanding the geological formations that can trap oil and natural gas, which are essential for energy production. Geologists analyze rock layers, sediment types, and structural features to locate potential reserves. The field combines various scientific disciplines, including geology, geophysics, and geochemistry. By using techniques like seismic surveys and drilling, petroleum geologists assess the viability of extracting hydrocarbons. Their work is crucial for energy companies to explore and develop oil and gas fields efficiently and sustainably.