Periodontal refers to the structures surrounding and supporting the teeth, including the gums, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone. These components play a crucial role in maintaining dental health by anchoring the teeth in place and providing stability. Periodontal disease is a common condition that occurs when these structures become inflamed or infected, often due to plaque buildup. Symptoms may include swollen gums, bad breath, and tooth mobility. Regular dental check-ups and good oral hygiene practices are essential for preventing and managing periodontal disease.