Patient confidentiality is the ethical and legal obligation of healthcare providers to protect the privacy of patient information. This means that any personal details, medical history, or treatment plans shared by a patient must be kept secure and not disclosed without the patient's consent. This principle is essential for building trust between patients and healthcare professionals. Maintaining patient confidentiality is governed by laws such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) in the United States. Violations of confidentiality can lead to serious consequences, including legal penalties and loss of professional licenses for healthcare providers. Ensuring confidentiality helps promote open communication, allowing patients to seek care without fear of judgment or exposure.