Ovarian physiology refers to the functions and processes of the ovaries, which are essential reproductive organs in females. The ovaries produce eggs, or oocytes, and secrete hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. These hormones regulate the menstrual cycle and play a crucial role in fertility and overall reproductive health. During each menstrual cycle, a group of follicles containing immature eggs develops in the ovaries. Typically, one follicle matures and releases an egg during ovulation. The remaining follicles undergo atresia, a process of degeneration. The hormonal changes during this cycle prepare the uterus for potential pregnancy.