Ovarian function refers to the processes carried out by the ovaries, which are two small organs located in the female reproductive system. The primary roles of the ovaries include producing eggs (ova) and secreting hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. These hormones are essential for regulating the menstrual cycle and supporting reproductive health. During each menstrual cycle, typically one ovary releases an egg in a process called ovulation. If the egg is fertilized by sperm, it can lead to pregnancy. If not, the egg and the uterine lining are shed during menstruation, marking the end of the cycle and the beginning of a new one.