Ovulation is a part of the menstrual cycle when an ovary releases a mature egg, or ovum. This typically occurs around the middle of the cycle, about 14 days before the start of the next period. The egg then travels down the fallopian tube, where it may meet sperm for fertilization. During ovulation, hormonal changes trigger the thickening of the uterine lining in preparation for a potential pregnancy. If the egg is not fertilized within about 24 hours, it disintegrates, and the body prepares for menstruation. Understanding ovulation is essential for those tracking fertility or managing reproductive health.