The menstrual cycle is a monthly process that prepares the female body for potential pregnancy. It typically lasts about 28 days but can range from 21 to 35 days. The cycle involves several phases: the menstrual phase, when the uterine lining sheds; the follicular phase, where follicles in the ovaries mature; and the luteal phase, which occurs after ovulation when the body prepares for a possible pregnancy. During the cycle, hormonal changes regulate these phases, primarily involving estrogen and progesterone. If pregnancy does not occur, hormone levels drop, leading to the start of the next cycle. Understanding the menstrual cycle is important for reproductive health and family planning.