Operation Anthropoid was a secret mission during World War II aimed at assassinating Reinhard Heydrich, a high-ranking Nazi official and one of the main architects of the Holocaust. The operation was carried out by Czechoslovak soldiers trained by the British Special Operations Executive in 1941. On May 27, 1942, the assassins successfully attacked Heydrich in Prague using a bomb and gunfire. Although the mission was successful, it led to severe reprisals by the Nazis, including the destruction of the village of Lidice and the execution of many Czechs. The operation remains a significant event in resistance history.