Oliva, commonly known as olive, is a small, oval fruit that grows on the olive tree (Olea europaea). This tree is native to the Mediterranean region and is well-known for its ability to thrive in dry, rocky soils. Olives are harvested for their oil, which is a staple in cooking and is celebrated for its health benefits, including heart health and anti-inflammatory properties. Olives come in various colors, including green, black, and purple, depending on their ripeness. They can be eaten whole, often cured or brined to reduce bitterness, and are a key ingredient in many dishes, including salads and tapenade. The olive oil extracted from olives is also widely used in dressings, marinades, and as a cooking oil.