Oligospermia is a medical condition characterized by a lower than normal sperm count in a man's semen. Specifically, it is defined as having fewer than 15 million sperm per milliliter of semen. This condition can affect fertility, making it more challenging for couples to conceive a child. Several factors can contribute to oligospermia, including hormonal imbalances, genetic issues, and lifestyle choices such as smoking or excessive alcohol consumption. Environmental factors, like exposure to toxins or heat, can also play a role. Treatment options may vary depending on the underlying cause and can include lifestyle changes, medication, or assisted reproductive technologies like in vitro fertilization (IVF).