Observation techniques are methods used to gather information by watching and noting behaviors, events, or conditions in a systematic way. These techniques can be applied in various fields, such as psychology, education, and market research. Observers may use structured formats, like checklists, or unstructured approaches, allowing for more flexibility in capturing details. Common observation techniques include participant observation, where the observer engages with the subjects, and non-participant observation, where they remain detached. Other methods include time sampling, which involves observing at specific intervals, and event sampling, focusing on particular occurrences. Each technique serves different research needs and contexts.