Research methods are the techniques and strategies used by researchers to gather, analyze, and interpret information. These methods can be broadly categorized into qualitative and quantitative approaches. Qualitative methods focus on understanding human behavior and experiences through interviews, observations, and open-ended questions, while quantitative methods rely on numerical data and statistical analysis to draw conclusions. Choosing the right research method is crucial for obtaining valid results. For instance, a scientist studying climate change might use quantitative methods to analyze temperature data, while a sociologist exploring community dynamics may prefer qualitative interviews to capture personal stories. Each method serves a unique purpose in the research process.