Qualitative techniques are research methods used to gather non-numerical data, focusing on understanding concepts, thoughts, or experiences. These techniques often involve interviews, focus groups, and observations, allowing researchers to explore the depth and complexity of human behavior and social phenomena. These methods are particularly useful in fields like sociology, psychology, and anthropology, where understanding context and meaning is essential. By analyzing patterns and themes in the collected data, researchers can gain insights that quantitative methods may overlook, providing a richer understanding of the subject matter.