Numeration systems are methods used to represent numbers in a consistent way. The most common system is the decimal system, which uses ten digits (0-9) and is based on powers of ten. Other systems include the binary system, which uses only two digits (0 and 1) and is essential in computer science, and the Roman numeral system, which uses letters from the Latin alphabet to signify values. Different cultures have developed their own numeration systems throughout history. For example, the Mayan civilization used a vigesimal system based on twenty, while the Babylonians employed a sexagesimal system based on sixty. Each system has unique rules and applications, reflecting the diverse ways humans understand and utilize numbers.