The binary system is a numerical system that uses only two digits: 0 and 1. It is the foundation of computer science and digital electronics, as computers process data in binary form. Each digit in a binary number represents a power of 2, making it a base-2 system. For example, the binary number 101 represents the decimal number 5. In the binary system, each position in a number corresponds to a specific value, starting from the rightmost digit, which is the least significant bit. This system is essential for various applications, including data storage, programming, and digital communication, as it allows for efficient representation and manipulation of information.