Northern European countries typically include Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. These nations are known for their high standard of living, strong social welfare systems, and beautiful natural landscapes, including fjords, forests, and lakes. The region experiences a temperate climate, with cold winters and mild summers. The cultures of Northern Europe are diverse, influenced by both historical and modern factors. Languages spoken include Danish, Finnish, Icelandic, Norwegian, and Swedish. The countries also share a rich heritage of folklore, art, and design, with notable contributions to literature and music, exemplified by figures like Hans Christian Andersen and Edvard Grieg.