Nigerian history is rich and diverse, shaped by various ethnic groups and cultures. The area has been inhabited for thousands of years, with ancient civilizations like the Nok culture and the Benin Empire emerging long before European contact. In the late 19th century, Nigeria became a British protectorate, leading to significant changes in governance and society. Nigeria gained independence from British rule on October 1, 1960. The country has since experienced periods of military rule and civil conflict, notably the Nigerian Civil War from 1967 to 1970. Today, Nigeria is known for its vibrant culture, economy, and political landscape, being the most populous country in Africa.