The Nigerian Civil War, also known as the Biafran War, took place from 1967 to 1970. It was primarily a conflict between the Nigerian government and the southeastern region of Biafra, which sought independence. The war was fueled by ethnic tensions, economic disparities, and political instability following Nigeria's independence from British colonial rule in 1960. The conflict resulted in significant loss of life, with estimates of up to 3 million casualties, largely due to famine and military actions. The war ended with the surrender of Biafra in January 1970, leading to the reintegration of the region into Nigeria and ongoing discussions about national unity and ethnic identity.