Niedersachsen, also known as Lower Saxony, is a federal state in northwestern Germany. It is the second-largest state in the country by area and is known for its diverse landscapes, which include the North Sea coastline, rolling hills, and fertile plains. The capital city is Hanover, which is an important cultural and economic center. The state is home to several notable attractions, including the Wadden Sea, a UNESCO World Heritage site, and the historic towns of Goslar and Lüneburg. Niedersachsen has a rich agricultural tradition and is a significant producer of cereals, potatoes, and livestock.