Neonatal screening is a public health program that tests newborns for certain genetic, metabolic, and infectious conditions shortly after birth. This process typically involves a simple blood test, where a few drops of blood are taken from the baby's heel. Early detection of these conditions can lead to timely treatment, which can prevent serious health issues or developmental delays. The primary goal of neonatal screening is to identify disorders that may not be immediately apparent but can significantly impact a child's health. Conditions commonly screened for include phenylketonuria (PKU), cystic fibrosis, and sickle cell disease. By identifying these conditions early, healthcare providers can offer necessary interventions and support for affected families.