Neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) is a synthetic crystal used primarily as a laser medium. It consists of a yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) crystal structure that is doped with neodymium ions, which provide the necessary energy levels for laser action. Nd:YAG lasers are known for their efficiency and ability to produce high-intensity light. These lasers operate at a wavelength of 1064 nanometers, making them suitable for various applications, including medical procedures, industrial cutting, and scientific research. Nd:YAG lasers can be used in both continuous wave and pulsed modes, offering versatility in their use across different fields.