Optical materials are substances that manipulate light in various ways, such as transmitting, reflecting, or absorbing it. Common examples include glass, plastics, and crystals, which are used in lenses, prisms, and mirrors. These materials are essential in devices like cameras, microscopes, and telescopes, where precise control of light is crucial for clear images. The properties of optical materials, such as refractive index and transparency, determine their effectiveness in different applications. For instance, fused silica is known for its high transparency in the ultraviolet range, making it ideal for laser applications. Understanding these properties helps engineers and scientists design better optical systems.